Cause and effect (Tysa dan anggi)

 How Do Cigarettes Effect The Body?

General Statement

Cigarettes aren’t good for us. about the dangers of smoking for decades. 

But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, when we finally give up smoking. 

With each inhalation, chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. 

Sequence of Causal Explanation

a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums, and eventually causing decay. nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell. 

Inside the airways and lungs, the likelihood of infections, like bronchitis and emphysema.

 It does this by damaging the cilia, to keep the airways clean. It then fills the alveoli, of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. crosses that membrane into the blood, binding to hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen around the body. can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath. 

Within about 10 seconds, called nicotine to the brain, and other neurotransmitters including endorphins which make smoking highly addictive. from the cigarette of blood vessels endothelial lining, restricting blood flow. to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes. can trigger dangerous mutations in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair, to fight many cancers. cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. 

And it’s not just lung cancer. in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. for women to get pregnant. it can cause erectile dysfunction. 

But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside and long-lasting physical benefits. a smoker’s final cigarette, begin to return to normal. carbon monoxide levels stabilize, oxygen-carrying capacity. 

Effects of Quitting Smoking

A day after ceasing, blood pressure and heart rates normalize. 

After two days, for smell and taste start to recover. 

after about one month, in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, improving resistance to infection. 

By the one-year anniversary of quitting, as blood vessel function improves.

 Five years in, dramatically declines, continues to reduce of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, to repair DNA is once again restored of developing coronary heart disease as that of a non-smoker. this is all easy to achieve. and depression, resulting from nicotine withdrawal. such effects are usually temporary. thanks to a growing arsenal of tools. 

Conclusion

Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, of other harmful chemicals. 

Counselling and support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free. That’s good news, on the path back to health.

Analysis

1. Present Tense: The text mostly uses present tense (e.g., "Cigarettes aren’t good for us," "nicotine makes smoking addictive"). Present tense is common in explanation texts because it describes general facts and information that are true all the time.

2. Passive Voice: There are several passive sentences, like "oxygen is displaced by carbon monoxide." Passive voice focuses on the action or result (what happens to the body) rather than on who is doing the action. It’s common in scientific explanations to keep the focus on effects.

3.Cause-Effect Conjunctions: Words like "because," "resulting in," and "leading to" show cause and effect. For example, “Nicotine binds to receptors, resulting in addiction." These connectors help make it clear why smoking causes certain effects in the body, making it easier to follow the logic of how one thing leads to another.

4. Action Verbs: There are a lot of action verbs like "harms," "coats," "binds," and "triggers." These verbs make it clear what smoking does to each part of the body. They add a sense of movement and immediacy to the explanation, helping readers picture the process.

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