Summary Analysis Task on Causal Explanation text _Anggi Eka Putri Anggraini (23202083)

 Summary of The Analysis Task on Causal Explanation text 

1st Group 

A. Structure 

(Title) Water Polution

(General Information) the causes of water pollution natural causes sometimes volcanoes, animal waste, algae and silk from floods cause water pollution, human causes for water pollution, farms waste from factories and construction sites acid rain acid rain can turn Lakes acidic and it kills fish and other animals oil spillage oil spills.

(Causal Explanation) some effects of water pollution death of aquatic animals it kills organisms like fish crabs birds and dolphins that depend on these water bodies disruption of food chains pollutants are eaten by small animals these animals are consumed by fish.

(Conclusion) some steps to control water pollution always look for the correct waistband for throwing waste save water close the tap when not in use do not throw waste chemicals soils and medicines in the sink drain.

2nd Group 

A. Structure of Causal Explanation Text 

(Title) How Do Cigarettes Effect The Body?

(General Statement) Cigarettes aren’t good for us, how exactly do cigarettes harm us? as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, With each inhalation, chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. 

(Sequence of Causal Explanation) The material begins to coat the teeth and gums, and eventually causing decay. nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell. Inside the airways and lungs, the likelihood of infections, like bronchitis and emphysema. It does this by damaging the cilia, to keep the airways clean. Within about 10 seconds, called nicotine to the brain, and other neurotransmitters including endorphins which make smoking highly addictive. The clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes, in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. for women to get pregnant. it can cause erectile dysfunction. 

(Consequences of Quitting Smoking) A day after ceasing, blood pressure and heart rates normalize. After two days, for smell and taste start to recover. After about one month, in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, improving resistance to infection. By the one-year anniversary of quitting, as blood vessel function improves. Five years in, dramatically declines, continues to reduce of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, to repair DNA is once again restored of developing coronary heart disease as that of a non-smoker. 

(Conclusion) Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, of other harmful chemicals.

B. Language Features 

Present Tense: (e.g., "Cigarettes aren’t good for us," "nicotine makes smoking addictive"). Present tense is common in explanation texts because it describes general facts and information that are true all the time.

Passive Voice: "oxygen is displaced by carbon monoxide." Passive voice focuses on the action or result (what happens to the body) rather than on who is doing the action. 

Cause-Effect Conjunctions: Words like "because," "resulting in," and "leading to" show cause and effect. For example, “Nicotine binds to receptors, resulting in addiction." These connectors help make it clear why smoking causes certain effects in the body, making it easier to follow the logic of how one thing leads to another.

Action Verbs: There are a lot of action verbs like "harms," "coats," "binds," and "triggers." . They add a sense of movement and immediacy to the explanation, helping readers picture the process.

3rd Group 

A. Structure 

General statement

Landslides occur when gravity overcomes the frictional forces keeping layers of rock in place on a slope. Weak geological layers, such as fragile shale, can create a failure plane, making slopes unstable.

Sequence explanation

Heavy rain, deforestation, and earthquakes are common triggers for landslides. Rain adds weight and acts as a lubricant, increasing the likelihood of a slide. Deforestation removes tree roots that stabilize the soil, making the land more prone to slipping. Earthquakes shake the ground, dislodging upper rock layers. To stabilize ground, long metal bolts can be drilled into the bedrock.

Conclusion

Some landslides happen gradually, destabilizing structures over time. Coastal erosion also causes rockfall; as waves erode cliff edges, they eventually collapse.

B. Language Features 

Present tense, The phrase "landslides occur when gravity overcomes" is called the present tense because it describes a situation or fact that is general and always true.

Abstract noun, "stability" because it represents a concept that is non-physical and cannot be felt directly, but can only be understood through certain experiences and contexts in life.

Connectives, "and" because of its important function in connecting elements in a sentence, thereby creating a more complex and integrated structure in communication.

Passive voice, "the ground we stand on is made up of layers of different rock and other materials" because its structure shows that the subject (soil) receives the action (formed by layers), and the focus is more on the state of the ground than on the perpetrator of the action

Time conjunction , the word "as" because it functions to connect clauses in a sentence and provides information about the time when two events occurred.

4th Group 

A. Structure 

1. General Statement:

"Day and night are natural cycles essential for life on Earth. This cycle happens due to the Earth's rotation." The text begins by introducing the topic in a general statement. 

2. Cause-Effect Explanation:

Cause: The Earth spins on its axis (an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole) every 24 hours.

Effect: As the Earth rotates, the part facing the sun experiences daylight, while the opposite side experiences night. This cause-effect structure explains how the Earth's rotation directly leads to the alternation of day and night.

3. Conclusion:

"So, the cycle of day turning into night is caused by the Earth’s continuous rotation. This cycle creates a balance of light and darkness, which is essential for life on our planet." This conclusion summarizes and reaffirms the cause (Earth's rotation) and emphasizes the significance of this cycle for life on Earth.

B. Language Features 

Present Simple Tense: uses present simple verbs like “are,” “happens,” and “creates” to describe facts because the process of day and night happens continuously.

Cause-and-Effect Language: Words and phrases like “due to” and “caused by” show that one thing leads to another. they explain that Earth's rotation causes day and night. This helps to understand the reason behind the process.

Sequence Connectors: Words like “First,” “During this time,” and “At the same time” help show the order of events. These connectors make it easy to follow each step of how day turns into night.

Passive voice: “The cycle of day turning into night *is caused* by the Earth’s continuous rotation.” Phrase "Is caused" is in passive voice. Because the sentence does not place the subject (the Earth) at the beginning, instead focusing on "the cycle of day turning into night" as the recipient of the action. 

5th Group 

A. Structure of the Causal Explanation

General Information:

The text or video likely begins by defining what a tsunami is. This provides context and helps the audience understand the subject.

Primary Cause:

The explanation identifies the initial event, such as tectonic plate movements or an underwater volcanic eruption. This forms the root cause of the tsunami.

Sequential Development:

After introducing the cause, the explanation describes the sequential effects. For instance, how an underwater earthquake creates a rapid uplift or subsidence of the ocean floor.

Conclusion:

Finally, the video probably discusses the effects on human life, infrastructure, and the environment, emphasizing the destructive power of tsunamis.

B. Language Features of Causal Explanation

Cause-Effect Connectors:

The explanation will likely use terms such as because, due to, therefore, as a result, and leads to. These signal the causal links between the events.

Technical Vocabulary:

Words like seismic activity, subduction zone, wave propagation, and energy displacement are common in tsunami explanations.

Chronological Language:

To describe the sequence of events clearly, the explanation uses temporal markers such as first, then, next, and finally.

6th Group

A. Structure 

Title: The title is clear tells the topic: earthquake

General Statement: This part introduces the topic, explaining what an earthquake is with a simple definition to set the stage for more details.

Explanation Sequence (Cause and Effect): this stage in he video explains step-by-step how tectonic plates move, causing things like ground shaking.

Conclusion (or Closing Statement): at this stage, conclusion might summarize the key points or retell the impact of earthquakes, reinforcing the main message.

B. Language Features

1. Present Tense

Example: “Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates shift suddenly.”

Reason: By describing it in the present, the information feels immediate and relevant, reinforcing that these processes apply anytime and anywhere tectonic plates are present.

2. Cause-and-Effect Language

Example: “When plates collide, energy builds up; therefore, when released, it causes the ground to shake.”

Reason: Cause-and-effect phrases make the relationship between actions and their outcomes explicit. This is helping the viewer to understand why one event leads to another.

3. Passive Voice

Example: “The earthquake is caused by the movement of tectonic plates.”

Reason: Passive voice focuses on what is happening, not on who is doing it. Beside, the pattern is true that it's passive voice present tense, the pattern is object + auxiliary verb + V3 + by object/pronoun.

4. Sequential Connectives

Example: “First, pressure builds up. Next, the plates slip, and finally, the ground shakes.”

Reason: The word "first" is a sequential words which organize the events in a clear order. This helps the viewer follow the process step-by-step.