summary_isna ridhoatul musyafa'ah

 Isna Ridhoatul Musyafa’ah

23202061

Listening / 3

                                        Summary

Group 4 : water pollution

Clean water is essential for life, but water pollution has become a growing issue, affecting both humans and animals. Water pollution happens when harmful substances, like chemicals or waste, contaminate water sources. Causes of water pollution include natural factors like volcanic eruptions and animal waste, as well as human activities such as sewage disposal, agricultural runoff, factory waste, and oil spills. The effects include the death of aquatic life, disruption of food chains, and health issues for people who consume polluted water.

Steps to reduce water pollution include using appropriate waste bins, conserving water, avoiding chemical disposal in sinks, limiting pesticide and fertilizer use, and planting trees to protect water sources.

Group 6 : how do ciggarettes effect the body ?

Cigarettes have harmful effects on the body, affecting various systems with each inhalation. Chemicals from cigarettes coat the teeth, damage nerve endings, impair the lungs, and decrease oxygen levels in the blood, leading to issues like shortness of breath and addiction due to nicotine. Smoking can damage blood vessels, increase the risk of blood clots, and cause DNA mutations that trigger cancer in various organs, not just the lungs. In men, smoking can lead to erectile dysfunction, and for women, it can hinder pregnancy.

The language in the text uses present tense for general facts, passive voice to focus on actions, cause-effect conjunctions to show smoking’s consequences, and a sequential order for the quitting process. This structure, along with action verbs, makes the text clear and engaging, guiding readers to understand both the harms of smoking and the benefits of quitting.

Group 5 : what causes a landslide ? natural disaster

Landslides happen when gravity overcomes the friction that holds rock layers in place, often due to weak geological layers that create unstable slopes. Several language elements help describe this phenomenon clearly. For example, using present tense indicates the general and consistent nature of landslides, while complex nouns like "upper layer" give specificity. Abstract nouns, such as "stability," convey non-physical concepts. Pronouns like "we" make explanations relatable, and terms like "landslide" serve as technical vocabulary.

Cause-and-effect relationships play a key role in explaining landslides. Heavy rain can increase soil weight and act as a lubricant, raising landslide risk. Deforestation weakens soil stability by removing tree roots. Earthquakes shake the ground, potentially shifting rock layers and triggering landslides.

Group 2 : how dog turn into night ?

The cycle of day and night, essential for life on Earth, is caused by the Earth’s continuous rotation on its axis. When one side of the Earth faces the sun, it experiences daylight, providing light and warmth. As the Earth rotates, this side moves away from the sun, bringing darkness and night. This cause-effect process is vital as it maintains a balance between light and dark, supporting life on the planet.

The explanation uses present simple tense, technical terms, cause-effect language, sequence connectors, passive voice, general nouns, and descriptive language to clarify how day transitions into night.

Group 3 : how tsunami happen ?

In a typical tsunami explanation, the chain starts with a primary cause (such as an earthquake), followed by intermediate effects (like seabed displacement), and concludes with the final destructive impact of waves reaching the coast.

Structure of the causal explanation: the explanation begins by identifying the phenomenon (tsunami) and its root cause (like tectonic movements). It then describes how this primary cause leads to subsequent effects, such as water displacement and wave formation, ending with the consequences on land.

Language Features in Causal Explanation:

The explanation uses cause-effect connectors (e.g., because, therefore),